Sau khi quân phát xít ở Đông Dương bị lực lượng Đồng minh giải giáp, quân Pháp thực hiện dã tâm dùng vũ lực tái chiếm và bình định Đông Dương.
Implementing the long-term strategy of the resistance war, in order to prepare, November 1946, all the headquarters of the Viet Minh front along with facilities, warehouses, factories and more than 60,000 people in the lowlands. in which the people of Hanoi have moved to Safe Zone in turn including 5 districts of Viet Bac: Dai Tu + Dinh Hoa in Thai Nguyen province, Son Duong + Chiem Hoa in Tuyen Quang province and Cho Don in Bac Kan province. A large number of people in Hanoi also promptly evacuated to other provinces.
At 8:00 p.m. on December 19, 1946, after the artillery fire and a large explosive mass at Lang fortress exploded in the sky of Hanoi like an order of firecrackers, the electric lights of the whole city went out, all forces of the National Guard, The volunteer police and the militia and self-defense force of Hanoi citadel simultaneously opened fire on the French posts around Hanoi. At 8:30 p.m. the citys electricity was restored, the Radio station broadcast President Ho Chi Minhs appeal for the national resistance and the battle orders of General Vo Nguyen Giap, now on, not only in Hanoi, but also in Vietnam. In the whole territory of Vietnam, an all-out war with the French colonialists had begun.
With the spirit of suicide for the ry, the armed forces and the people of Hanoi fought bravely, tenaciously, fighting with the French army house to house, street corner, and wall. From house to house, street to street to make a way to transfer troops secretly, take all the beds, collapse the tea cabinet as an obstacle to block the crossroads blocking the way of the French army, the children contacted, the sisters saved The soldiers moved with each step of the troops, and the people supplied the soldiers at the battle posts, creating an atmosphere of fierce determination in the whole city. To unify forces and command on the Hanoi front, on January 6, 1947, the Capital Regiment was established. After a period of fighting, due to the limited number of troops and weapons, and difficult logistics, the Central Committee decided: in order to preserve the forces to carry out the long-term resistance, on February 17, 1947, the Defense Regiment capital and combat units withdrew to Viet Bac. After 60 days and nights of fighting bravely, our forces destroyed a lot of life force and means of war of the French enemy, Uncle Ho praised: "You guys hold back the French invaders, if you hold Hanoi for 2 months, you have won a great victory. ".
On the way to the war zone, the hearts of the departed still agonized over Hanoi. Since 1948, musicians have had famous songs such as "Hanoi People" by Nguyen Dinh Thi, "The Day Returns" by Luong Ngoc Trac - the poem Chinh Huu , in 1949, there were articles "Forward to Hanoi" by Van Cao, "Hanoi is here and now" by Van Duc, Will return to the capital of Huy Du... all of which exude nostalgia, nostalgia and aspiration of people. Hanoi soldiers were anxious to return to liberate their homeland.
Soldier musician Luong Ngoc Trac with the 2 youngest defenders in the early days of the national resistance war
Going to the war zone, our army concentrated on consolidating and supplementing our forces. By the end of 1947, we had 120,000 troops, implementing the all-people, comprehensive and long-term resistance line, relying on our own strength as the main force. The traditional motto of our forefathers against foreign invaders was to fight big with small, take a small amount of the enemy, and at the same time conduct military tactics in 3 stages defense to holding out and then er-attack, building up the armed forces. In the 8 years 1947 to 1954, it successfully conducted 4 major campaigns in the North, including 3 types of army: main force, local army and guerrilla militia, in 8 years 1947 to 1954:
1. Viet Bac campaign autumn-winter 1947 October 7 to December 22, 1947: On October 7, 1947, the French parachuted into Bac Kan and sent 12,000 troops to attack Viet Bac with a plot to destroy the agency. the headquarters of the Viet Minh. Our army erattacked with 3 typical battles, namely the battle of Lo river, the battle of Bong Lau pass on the 4th street and the 3rd road battle, breaking the encirclement pincers, driving the French out of the center of Viet Bac, they just tried to keep Road No. 4 Cao Bang to Lang Son.
2. Border Campaign Autumn-Winter 1950 September 16 to October 14, 1950: With the event that President Ho Chi Minh first and only went directly to the front to command combat, in 28 days and nights, he broke the ring. surrounded our forces, drove the French out of the 4th road, opened the border to communicate with international friends.
3. Northwest campaign autumn-winter 1952 October 14 to December 10, 1952: ta broke the plot of the French decree to establish an autonomous Thai land, annihilated the enemys life force and liberated the land of 30,000 square kilometers and 25 thousand people.
4. Dien Bien Phu campaign in spring 1954 March 13 to May 7, 1954: 55 days and nights of tenacious fighting, our troops wiped out the strongest French stronghold group in Dien Bien Phu, forcing the French government to sign the Geneva Accords to end the war and return independence to the three Indochina ries.
Implementing the provisions of the Geneva Conference, the High Command of the Vietnamese Peoples Army and the French Army General Command held a conference in Trung Gia on the hill of Xuan Son village, Trung Gia commune, Da Phuc district. , former Phuc Yen province to decide on transfer procedures:
- On September 30, 1954, the two sides signed the Agreement on transferring Hanoi military.
- On October 2, 1954, the two sides signed an Agreement on administrative transfer of Hanoi.
with the transfer principle as: order, safety, not vandalism, not disrupting the citys activities.
From October 2 to 5, 1954, our advance teams entered Hanoi to prepare. On the evening of October 9, 1954, our military forces gathered at the gate to take over Hanoi on the morning of October 10, 1954.
After 8 years since leaving Hanoi, young soldiers dreams and aspirations to return to liberate the capital have come true.
On the early morning of October 10, 1954, a large number of Hanoians wore new clothes and gathered on both sides of the roads that the liberation army would pass, with flower flags and joyful and anxious faces waiting for them. Primary school students of the schools in the city have been practiced and memorized, singing revolutionary songs such as the Liberation of Dien Bien by Do Nhuan. Going to Hanoi by Van Cao and some songs by musicians in the Hanoi citadel, especially the song "Hanoi liberated" by music teacher Nguyen Van Quy... Everywhere musicians in the Hanoi citadel were Bringing musical instruments to perform Vietnamese epics, the image of musicians Nguyen Van Quy, Nguyen Dinh Thanh, Nguyen Tran Giu, Tu My performing on the crossroads where the victorious army passed is still fresh in the day. Vietnamese news movies on the way to victory by director Carmen, high school students and students also gather at major intersections, singing songs of resistance and revolution, all creating a The atmosphere was vibrant and indescribable. Around 9 am, the two main gates, O Cau Giay gate in the west and O Cau Den gate in the south, coincided with the victory army entering to liberate the capital. the people rang there. It must be Hanoians who directly went to welcome the liberation army to see all the jubilant atmosphere and predictive talent of Vietnamese musicians, especially Van Caos song Tien to Hanoi composed in 1949 but at the time. 5 years later, the song is absolutely right like what happened on liberation day. In particular, there was the beloved song Hanoi, poet Hoang Cam at that time was an officer in charge of the military literary troupe, inspired by the melody of the folk song Climbing up the slope to put new words of praise. victory of our army and people, this article along with the songs Dien Bien Victory by Do Nhuan, Ho to pull cannon by Hoang Van, My homeland liberated by Van Chung.vv. was edited by World Publishing House with lyrics. UK to publish abroad. There are also articles: About To Vus capital, Anh Vus brothers welcome the capital, Nguyen Duc Toans Night of the Moon Missing Hanoi, etc.
The event of the liberation of the capital is always associated with another important event, that is more than 2 months later, on January 1, 1955, President Ho Chi Minh and the Government returned to the capital, a meeting, military parade and parade of People took place at Ba Dinh square. Since the day Uncle Ho read the Declaration of Independence, 10 years later, the people of Hanoi could see Uncle - the beloved leader of the entire people smiling and waving to the mass organizations marching through the podium. Vietnamese musicians had very emotional songs about this event, typically: "Hanoi 55" by Tu My, Uncle has returned to the capital of Le Yen, Dear Capital of Nguyen Xuan Khoat, Bai Xuan Oanhs Hanoi song - Dao Anh Khas poem:
From the first day of the national resistance war on December 19, 1946 to the day of the Dien Bien Phu victory on May 7, 1954, our army and people spent 9 years of long and glorious resistance, establishing a feat of national liberation. the 80 years of French colonial rule, regaining national independence, the day the capital was liberated is a milestone in the triumph of this great feat. The resistance war belongs to the whole people, soldier-songwriters and citizen musicians have always accompanied the nation, writing immortal revolutionary and resistance songs, artistic and highly predictable. Contributing a significant part to the common revolutionary cause of the whole nation, at the end of 1954 a national literary festival held for many days at the Martial Arts House now the Palace of Viet-Soviet Labor Culture introduced the introduce to the people of Hanoi the typical and impressive revolutionary and resistance songs and dances, contributing to improving the peoples spiritual life and enriching the triumph of the liberation of the capital. ./.
